As the education landscape evolves, the traditional 8-4-4 system and the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) stand as two distinct approaches. Each has its own philosophy, objectives, and assessment methods. In this article, we will delve into the comparisons between 8-4-4 and CBC, focusing on assessments from Grade 3 to 12.
1. Philosophical Differences
8-4-4:
- Centered on results and academics.
- Summative examination-oriented (KCPE and KCSE).
- Focuses on assessment of learning of knowledge description.
CBC:
- Focuses on skills and competencies.
- Assessment for learning to acquire skills.
- Teachers’ role is to facilitate learning.
2. Content vs. Competencies
8-4-4:
- Content-focused curriculum.
CBC:
- Competencies-focused curriculum.
3. Flexibility in Curriculum
8-4-4:
- Rigid and prescriptive.
- Limited flexibility.
CBC:
- Flexible with opportunities for specialization.
4. Assessment Approach
8-4-4:
- Primarily summative assessment (KCPE and KCSE).
- High-stakes examination leading to malpractice.
CBC:
- Balances formative and summative assessment.
- Appreciates uniqueness and talents; no one is considered a failure.
5. Focus on Education
8-4-4:
- Focuses on schooling.
CBC:
- Emphasizes education.
- Intends to tap talents for holistic development.
- Values like respect, honesty, integrity, and responsibility are emphasized.
CBC Assessments:
1. Classroom Assessment (C.A)
- Administered by teachers.
- Grade 4 to 6 (30% of final grade).
2. School Based Assessment (S.B.A)
- Administered and scored by teachers, uploaded to KNEC.
- Grade 4 to 6 (30% of final grade).
3. Summative Assessment (S.A)
- Administered and scored by KNEC.
- End of Grade 6 (40% of final grade).
Other CBC Assessments:
- KEYA (Kenya Early Year Assessment) – Grade 3
- KPSEA (Kenya Primary School Education Assessment) – Grade 6
- KMYA (Kenya Middle Year Assessment) – Grade 9
- KCBE (Kenya Certificate of Basic Education) – Grade 12
Note:
- Learners will undergo School Based Assessments (SBA) in Grade 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11.
The CBC emerges as a more dynamic and inclusive system, aiming to nurture a diverse range of talents and competencies while shifting the focus from mere academics to holistic education. As the CBC continues to unfold, its impact on shaping well-rounded individuals for the challenges of the future becomes increasingly evident.